N1 Vocabulary: Adverbs & function words — 167 words with readings
The Adverbs & function words topic has 167 common N1 words. Each entry shows the reading, romaji and English meaning.
01
あっさり
あっさり
assari
easily, readily, quickly
あっさりした味。Light/plain (simple) taste.
02
いかに
いかに
ikani
how, in what way
いかにも。How/In what way.
03
いかにも
いかにも
ikanimo
truly (same as 実に (じつに))
いかにも彼らしい。Indeed/Exactly/Just like him.
04
いざ
いざ
iza
now, come (now), crucial moment
いざという時。In case of emergency/Now (if then).
05
いたって
いたって
itatte
very much, exceedingly, extremely
至って健康です。Very/Extremely healthy.
06
いっそ
いっそ
isso
rather, sooner, might as well
いっそ死にたい。Might as well/Rather (die).
07
いやに
いやに
iyani
awfully, terribly
今日はやけに（いやに）暑い。Awfully/Terribly/Strangely hot today.
08
おおい (かん)
おおい
ooi
hey
おーい。Hey!/Oho! (interjection).
09
おどおど
おどおど
odoodo
coweringly, hesitantly
おどおどした態度。Trembling/Nervous attitude.
10
かりに
かりに
karini
temporarily; if, for argument's sake
仮に私が君だったら。If/Supposing/Provisionally I were you.
11
かろうじて
かろうじて
karoujite
barely, narrowly
かろうじて終電に間に合いました。Barely/Narrowly made it to the last train.
12
がっくり
がっくり
gakkuri
heartbroken
不合格でがっくりしました。I was disheartened/disappointed because of failing.
13
がっしり
がっしり
gasshiri
firmly, solidly, tough
がっしりした体格。Solid/Sturdy build/physique.
14
がっちり
がっちり
gatchiri
solidly built, tightly
がっちりした造りの家。A solidly built (tightly) house.
15
きちっと
きちっと
kichitto
exactly, perfectly
きちっと片付けます。Tidy up exactly/perfectly.
16
きっかり
きっかり
kikkari
exactly, precisely
三時にきっかり。Exactly/Precisely at three o'clock.
17
きっちり
きっちり
kitchiri
precisely, tightly
きっちり一万円。Exactly/Tightly 10,000 yen.
18
きっぱり
きっぱり
kippari
clearly, plainly, distinctly
きっぱり断ります。Refuse flatly/decisively.
19
くっきり
くっきり
kukkiri
distinctly, clearly, boldly
山がくっきり見えます。The mountain is clearly/distinctly visible.
20
ぐっと
ぐっと
gutto
firmly, fast, more
ぐっと一気に飲みました。Drank it firmly/much/at once.
21
げっそり
げっそり
gessori
being disheartened, losing weight
病気でげっそりと痩せてしまった。I lost a lot of weight (haggardly) due to illness.
22
ことごとく
ことごとく
kotogotoku
altogether, entirely
計画はことごとく失敗しました。All/Every one of the plans failed.
23
さぞ (さぞや。さぞかし)
さぞ
sazo
I am sure, certainly, no doubt
さぞお喜びでしょう。You must be (surely) very pleased.
24
さっと
さっと
satto
suddenly, smoothly
さっと席を立ちます。Quickly/Suddenly stood up from the seat.
25
さほど
さほど
sahodo
not so, not that much
今日はさほど寒くありません。It is not so/particularly cold today.
26
さも
さも
samo
with gusto, with satisfaction
彼はさも自分がやったかのように話しました。He spoke mapping it out (as if) he had done it himself.
27
しかしながら
しかしながら
shikashinagara
however, nevertheless
努力した。しかしながら、結果は出なかった。I made an effort. Nevertheless/However, no results came out.
28
しょっちゅう
しょっちゅう
shotchuu
always, constantly
彼はしょっちゅう遅刻します。He is constantly/always late.
29
じっくり
じっくり
jikkuri
deliberately, carefully
じっくり考えます。Think deliberately/thoroughly/carefully.
30
すんなり
すんなり
sunnari
pass with no objection, slim, slender
すんなりと解決しました。Solved smoothly/easily/slenderly.
31
ずばり
ずばり
zubari
decisively, unreservedly, frankly
ずばり核心を突きます。Hit the bull's-eye (decisively/frankly).
32
ずらっと
ずらっと
zuratto
in a line, in a row
店がずらっと並ぶ。Lined up in a row.
33
ずるずる
ずるずる
zuruzuru
dragging on, sound of sniffling
返事をズルズルと引き延ばします。Drag on/Slither the reply.
34
それゆえ
それゆえ
soreyue
therefore, for that reason, so
それゆえ。Therefore/Consequently.
35
だったら
だったら
dattara
if it's the case
雨だったら行きません。If it were (case)..., I won't go.
36
だと
だと
dato
if it's the case
だとすると。If that's the case/But/If.
37
ちょくちょく
ちょくちょく
chokuchoku
often, frequently, now and then, occasionally
彼とはちょくちょく会います。I see him often/frequently.
38
ちらっと
ちらっと
chiratto
at a glance, by accident
彼をチラッと見ました。Looked at him for a moment/glance.
39
つくづく
つくづく
tsukuzuku
completely, really
自分の不甲斐なさを、つくづく感じます。Utterly/Quite/Deeply feel my own worthlessness.
40
てっきり
てっきり
tekkiri
surely, certainly, beyond doubt
てっきり彼だと思っていました。I thought for sure/without fail it was him.
41
てんで
てんで
tende
(not) at all, altogether, entirely
そんな話、てんで嘘だ。That story is altogether/not at all (altogether a lie).
42
とかく
とかく
tokaku
anyhow, anyway, in any case
とかく噂になりがちです。Tendency to (anyhow) be rumored about.
43
とっさに
とっさに
tossani
at once
とっさに嘘をついてしまった。I told a lie on the spur of the moment/instantly.
44
とりあえず
とりあえず
toriaezu
at once, first of all, for the time being
とりあえず、ビールをお願いします。For the time being (at once), a beer please.
45
どうにか
どうにか
dounika
in some way or other, one way or another
どうにか試験に合格しました。Managed/Somehow passed the exam.
46
どうやら
どうやら
douyara
it seems like, somehow or other
どうやら雨は降らないようです。It seems/It looks like it will not rain.
47
なおさら
なおさら
naosara
all the more, still less
そう言われると、なおさら気になります。If you say that, I'm all the more/even more curious.
48
なにとぞ
なにとぞ
nanitozo
please, kindly, by all means
何卒よろしくお願いします。Please (politely/kindly) help me.
49
なにより
なにより
naniyori
most, best
健康が何より大切です。Health is more important than anything (above all).
50
なるたけ
なるたけ
narutake
as much as possible, if possible
なるたけ早く行きます。I will go as... as possible (as much as possible).
51
なんだかんだ
なんだかんだ
nandakanda
something or other
なんだかんだと言い訳をする。Make excuses about this and that.
52
にも関わらず
にもかかわらず
nimokakawarazu
in spite of, nevertheless
雨にもかかわらず、多くの人が集まりました。In spite of (regardless of) the rain, many people gathered.
53
はらはら
はらはら
harahara
feel nervous
ハラハラしながら見ています。Feeling nervous/excited/fluttering.
54
ひいては
ひいては
hiiteha
not only…but also, in addition to, consequently
自分のため、ひいては社会のため。In addition/And consequently (for oneself and consequently for society).
55
ひたすら
ひたすら
hitasura
nothing but, earnestly, intently
ひたすら（只管）努力します。Nothing but/Earnestly/Solely (effort).
56
ひょっと
ひょっと
hyotto
possibly, accidentally
ひょっと。Possibly/by any chance/suddenly.
57
びっしょり
びっしょり
bisshori
wet through, drenched
汗でびっしょりです。Wet through/Drenched with sweat.
58
ふらふら
ふらふら
furafura
unsteady on one's feet, totter, dizzy
めまいでフラフラします。Unsteady/Dizzy/Dangling from dizziness.
59
ぶらぶら
ぶらぶら
burabura
dangle heavily, sway to and fro, stroll idly
街をブラブラ歩きます。Walk idly/leisurely through the town.
60
ぺこぺこ
ぺこぺこ
pekopeko
fawn, be very hungry
ぺこぺこ頭を下げます。Bow servilely/Very hungry (belly).
61
ぼつぼつ
ぼつぼつ
botsubotsu
gradually, here and there, spots
ぼつぼつ始めよう。Gradually/By and by/Spots (Let's start little by little).
62
まさしく
まさしく
masashiku
surely, no doubt, evidently
まさしく彼が犯人です。He is surely/no doubt the culprit.
63
まして
まして
mashite
still more, still less (with neg. verb), to say nothing of
まして彼は初心者だ。Much less/Let alone (he is a beginner).
64
まるっきり
まるっきり
marukkiri
completely, perfectly, just as if
まるっきり嘘だ。Completely/Entirely/Perfectly (a lie).
65
もしかして
もしかして
moshikashite
perhaps, possibly
もしかして、彼ですか。Perhaps/By any chance, is it him?
66
もしくは
もしくは
moshikuha
or, otherwise
明日、もしくは明後日。Or/Otherwise tomorrow or the day after.
67
もはや
もはや
mohaya
already, now
もはや手遅れだ。Already/Now (too late).
68
もろに
もろに
moroni
completely, altogether, bodily
ボールがもろに顔に当たりました。The ball hit the face directly/completely.
69
やけに
やけに
yakeni
sure, very
今日はやけに暑い。Awfully/Terribly/Desperately hot today.
70
よし (かん)
よし
yoshi
all right!
よし。Good/OK/All right.
71
よって (よりどころ)
よって
yotte
therefore, consequently
選考の結果によって。Because of/Due to/By (by the result of selection).
72
わざわざ
わざわざ
wazawaza
take the trouble (to do), doing something especially rather than incidentally
わざわざ来てくれてありがとう。Thank you for coming all the way (purposely).
73
イェス
イェス
iesu
yes; Jesus
イエスかノーか。Yes.
74
サンキュー
サンキュー
sankyuu
thank you
手伝ってくれてサンキュー。Thank you for helping me.
75
ポーズ
ポーズ
poozu
pause
カメラに向かってポーズをとります。Pose/Pause for the camera.
76
一切
いっさい
issai
without exception, the whole
一切関わっていません。Not at all/All/Everything (in negative context: not at all).
77
一別
いちべつ
ichibetsu
parting
一別。Separation/parting.
78
一心
いっしん
isshin
one mind, with rapt attention
一心に祈ります。Pray with whole heart/one's whole soul.
79
一息
ひといき
hitoiki
a breath, a pause, an effort
一息いれましょう。Puff/A breath/A pause (Let's take a break).
80
一括
いっかつ
ikkatsu
all together, batch
代金を一括で払います。Pay the bill in a lump sum/all at once.
81
一挙に
いっきょに
ikkyoni
at a stroke, with a single swoop
一挙に片付けます。Tidy up at a stroke/single blow.
82
一概に
いちがいに
ichigaini
unconditionally, necessarily
一概に悪いとは言えません。Not necessarily/Unconditionally bad.
83
一気
いっき
ikki
at one push, in one gulp
ビールを一気に飲みます。Drink a beer in one breath/go.
84
一筋
ひとすじ
hitosuji
a line, earnestly, blindly, straightforwardly
一筋。One line/streak/earnest.
85
一見
いっけん
ikken
a look, a glimpse, glance; first meeting
一見の価値あり。Worth at a glance/seeing.
86
一面
いちめん
ichimen
one side, the other hand
新聞の一面。The front page/One surface of the newspaper.
87
不意
ふい
fui
sudden, abrupt, unexpected
不意を突かれました。Was caught off guard/suddenly.
88
且つ
かつ
katsu
yet, and
美しく、かつ賢い。Beautiful and (moreover) wise.
89
並びに
ならびに
narabini
and
氏名並びに住所を記入してください。Please fill in your name as well as (and) your address.
90
並列
へいれつ
heiretsu
arrangement, parallel, abreast
並列つなぎ。Parallel connection.
91
丸々
まるまる
marumaru
completely
赤ん坊が丸々太っています。Plumply/Completely/Entirely (fat baby).
92
丸ごと
まるごと
marugoto
in its entirety, whole, wholly
リンゴを丸ごと食べます。Eat the apple whole/entirely.
93
乃至
ないし
naishi
from...to, between...and, or
十名ないし二十名。Ten to (or) twenty people.
94
云々
うんぬん
unnun
and so on, and so forth
理由が云々。Reasons and so on/and so forth.
95
交互
こうご
kougo
mutual, reciprocal, alternate
赤と青が交互に並んでいます。Red and blue are lined up alternately.
96
他方
たほう
tahou
another side, on the other hand
一方は賛成、他方は反対。One side is for, the other side (another way) is against.
97
代る代る
かわるがわる
kawarugawaru
alternately
かわるがわる意見を言います。Give opinions alternately/by turns.
98
何だか
なんだか
nandaka
a little, somewhat, somehow
なんだか変な感じ。Somehow/Somewhat strange feeling.
99
余程
よほど
yohodo
very, much, to a large extent, quite
よほど（余程）のことがない限り。Very/Greatly/To a large degree.
100
便宜
べんぎ
bengi
convenience, accommodation
便宜を図ります。Facilitate/Give convenience/accommodation.
101
傍ら
かたわら
katawara
beside(s, while, nearby
仕事の傍ら、小説を書いています。Aside from/Beside work, I am writing a novel.
102
元来
がんらい
ganrai
originally, naturally
彼は元来、正直な人だ。He is originally/by nature an honest person.
103
先
せん
sen
priority, precedence, previous
先を越されました。Ahead/Previous/Point/Destination (was preceded).
104
公然
こうぜん
kouzen
openly
公然の秘密。An open secret.
105
到底
とうてい
toutei
(cannot) possibly
今の実力では、到底無理だ。With my current ability, it's absolutely (possibly not) impossible.
106
副
とりわけ
toriwake
especially, above all
副社長。Vice-president (assistant).
107
努めて
つとめて
tsutomete
make an effort!, work hard!
努めて明るく振る舞います。Make efforts (strive) to behave brightly/cheerfully.
108
即座に
そくざに
sokuzani
immediately, right away
即座に返事をします。Answer immediately/instantly.
109
及び
および
oyobi
and, as well as
氏名及び住所。Name and (as well as) address.
110
堂々
どうどう
doudou
magnificent, grand, impressive
堂々と意見を述べます。State an opinion magnificently/proudly.
111
外方
そっぽ
soppo
look (or turn) the other way
そっぽを向きます。Look away (look other way).
112
大方
おおかた
ookata
almost all, majority
大方の予想通り。As expected by the majority/most people.
113
大概
たいがい
taigai
in general, mainly
大概、家にいます。Mostly/Generally at home.
114
大部
たいぶ
taibu
most (e.g., most part, greater, fairly, a good deal, much)
大部な著作。Voluminous/Great portion of work.
115
嫌々
いやいや
iyaiya
reluctantly, by no means, unwillingly
いやいやながら承知しました。Accept/Agree reluctantly/unwillingly.
116
専ら
もっぱら
moppara
wholly, solely, entirely
もっぱら読書に励んでいます。Exclusively/Wholly/Solely devoted to reading.
117
強いて
しいて
shiite
to dare, to insist
強いて言えば、こちらの方が好きです。If I were forced/compelled to say, I like this one better.
118
従来
じゅうらい
juurai
up to now, so far, traditional
従来の方法。Traditional/Previous/Conventional method.
119
悪しからず
あしからず
ashikarazu
don't take me wrong, but..., I'm sorry
品切れの際は悪しからず。Please don't think ill of it (beg pardon) if out of stock.
120
打ち消し
うちけし
uchikeshi
(gram) negation, denial, negative
その噂には打ち消しの声明が出されました。A denial/negative statement was issued regarding that rumor.
121
拝啓
はいけい
haikei
-- a formal greeting used at the beginning of a letter --
拝啓（返事は「敬具」）。Dear... (initial salutation in a letter).
122
接続詞
せつぞくし
setsuzokushi
conjunction
接続詞。Conjunction.
123
敢えて
あえて
aete
dare (to do), venture (to do), challenge (to do)
あえて難しい問題に挑戦します。Dare to/Purposely try a difficult problem.
124
敬具
けいぐ
keigu
Sincerely (used at the end of letter)
敬具（拝啓の返事）。Yours truly/Sincerely (formal letter closing).
125
文語
ぶんご
bungo
written language, literary language
文語。Literary language/written language.
126
断然
だんぜん
danzen
firmly, absolutely, definitely
断然有利だ。Definitely/By far advantageous.
127
於いて
おいて
oite
at, in, on
法律に於いて。In/at (the law).
128
時折
ときおり
tokiori
sometimes
時折、強い風が吹きます。Sometimes/Occasionally, a strong wind blows.
129
未だ
いまだ
imada
yet, still
未だかつてない。Still/As yet/Not yet.
130
案の定
あんのじょう
annojou
sure enough, as usual
案の定、雨が降ってきた。Sure enough/As expected, it started raining.
131
極めて
きわめて
kiwamete
exceedingly, extremely (written expression)
極めて重要な問題。An extremely/profoundly important problem.
132
殊に
ことに
kotoni
especially, above all
今年の夏はことに暑い。This summer is especially/particularly hot.
133
無断
むだん
mudan
without permission, without notice
無断で欠席します。Absent without permission/notice.
134
無論
むろん
muron
of course, naturally
無論、私も賛成です。Of course/Needless to say, I also agree.
135
無闇に
むやみに
muyamini
unreasonably, absurdly, at random
むやみに木を切り倒してはいけません。You must not cut down trees unreasonably/excessively/at random.
136
煌々と
こうこうと
koukouto
brightly
電気がこうこうとついている。The light is shining brightly.
137
甚だ
はなはだ
hanahada
very, greatly, exceedingly
はなはだ（甚だ）残念です。Very/Greatly/Exceedingly (regrettable).
138
生まれつき
うまれつき
umaretsuki
by nature, by birth, native
彼は生まれつき耳が聞こえません。He is deaf from birth/by nature.
139
畜生
ちくしょう
chikushou
beast, brute, damn
畜生！Damn it!/Beast.
140
真っ二つ
まっぷたつ
mapputatsu
in two equal parts
リンゴを真っ二つに切ります。Cut the apple right in half (two).
141
真ん前
まんまえ
manmae
right in front, under the nose
駅の真ん前。Right/Just in front of the station.
142
真上
まうえ
maue
just above, right overhead
真上に飛行機が飛んでいます。An airplane is flying right/just above.
143
真下
ました
mashita
right under, directly below
真下（ました）。Right/just below.
144
種々
しゅじゅ
shuju
variety
種々の問題。Various/All kinds of problems.
145
突如
とつじょ
totsujo
suddenly, all of a sudden
突如として現れた。Appeared suddenly/unexpectedly.
146
粉々
こなごな
konagona
in very small pieces
花瓶が粉々に割れました。The vase broke into fragments/pieces.
147
終始
しゅうし
shuushi
from beginning to end; consistent(ly)
終始一貫した態度。From beginning to end/Consistently through. (consistent attitude).
148
自ずから
おのずから
onozukara
naturally, as a matter of course
自ずから答えが見えてきます。The answer will appear naturally/by itself.
149
自在
じざい
jizai
freely, at will
変幻自在な動き。Free/Universal/At will (ever-changing) motion.
150
誠に
まことに
makotoni
indeed, really (very polite), absolutely
誠に。Truly/really/exceedingly.
151
超
ちょう
chou
super-, ultra-, hyper-
超。Ultra/Super/Extra.
152
軒並
のきなみ
nokinami
row of houses; uniformly
店が軒並み閉まっています。All the stores along (row of houses) are closed.
153
通常
つうじょう
tsuujou
common, normal, usual
通常どおり営業します。Open for business as usual/customary.
154
遅くとも
おそくとも
osokutomo
at the latest
遅くとも八時までには着きます。I will arrive by eight at the latest.
155
過密
かみつ
kamitsu
crowded
過密なスケジュール。Overcrowded/too dense schedule.
156
遥か
はるか
haruka
far, far-away, distant
はるか（遥か）遠くに。Far off/Distant/Remote.
157
適宜
てきぎ
tekigi
suitability
適宜、休憩を取ってください。Please take a break as appropriate/suiting.
158
長々
ながなが
naganaga
long, drawn-out, very long
長々とお邪魔しました。Stayed/talked at length/for a long time. Sorry for staying so long.
159
頻繁
ひんぱん
hinpan
frequency
頻繁に連絡を取り合います。Contact each other frequently/often.
160
～きり
きり
kiri
only
二人きりで話します。Speak just/only between the two of us.
161
～どころか
どころか
dokoroka
rather, far from
合格どころか、受験もできなかった。Far from passing, I couldn't even take the exam.
162
～なんか
なんか
nanka
in the least ~
彼なんかに負けたくない。I don't want to lose to someone like (etc.) him.
163
～まみれ
まみれ
mamire
covered with (by, in) ~
埃まみれ。Covered with (dust/dirt).
164
～合せ
あわせ
awase
in all
待ち合わせ。Meeting/Combination.
165
～宛
あて
ate
for…(e.g., In a letter)
社長宛の手紙。A letter addressed to (per/each) the president.
166
～寄り
より
yori
near to ~ (e.g., North by East)
窓寄り。Towards/Near (the window).
167
～著
ちょ
cho
written by ~
夏目漱石・著。Authored by (Soseki Natsume).
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